BPC-157 and other peptides: what's proven and what's hype?

What is a peptide?

A peptide is a short chain of amino acids, the building blocks of protein. Your body makes many peptides that act as hormones and messengers. Insulin is a peptide. So are the gut hormones that semaglutide and tirzepatide copy.

Two very different kinds

What the popular peptides claim to do

• BPC-157 and TB-500: faster healing of muscles, tendons and the gut
• CJC-1295, ipamorelin and similar: raise growth hormone for muscle, fat loss, sleep and anti-ageing
• Melanotan: tanning and appetite control
• Copies of new weight-loss medicines, sold before or outside approval

Some of these have interesting early results in animals. That isn't the same as being proven safe and effective in people.

The risks

• You can't be sure what's in the vial: the wrong dose, a different substance, or bacteria
• Injecting from non-sterile vials can cause abscesses and serious infections
• Long-term effects are unknown. Peptides that raise growth hormone can push up blood sugar
• Melanotan has been linked to new or changing moles
• Many are banned in sport by the World Anti-Doping Agency
• In 2023 the US FDA said several of these, including BPC-157, may pose significant safety risks in compounded medicines

If you're already using a peptide and notice fever, a red or swollen injection site, chest pain or a severe headache, stop and get seen the same day.

Safer ways to get the results people want

Many people try peptides for weight loss, recovery or energy. There are proven options for each: licensed weight-loss medication where appropriate, physiotherapy for injuries, nutrition support, and checking for treatable causes of tiredness, such as low iron, thyroid problems or poor sleep.

If you're thinking about peptides, or already using them, talk to a doctor. We won't judge. We'll look at your goals and your health, and help you choose something safe.